Aspect pairs in -aç -àç are usually listed in this order see bàkaç -am -asz impf, pf bàknàç -n´ -niesz, mumble, blurt out. Here no separate listing for nara˝aç is needed, since no other words fall between it and the head word naraziç.
The basic perfective form is given first, followed by the derived imperfective. In the listing naraziç ^raziç pf, impf nara˝aç endanger. However, the Acrobat search function will locate a prefixed perfective verb next to its unprefixed base, whether or not it is cross-listed. In general, common prefixed perfective forms of a simplex imperfective verb will be listed twice, both with the base verb and as a cross-reference. See, for example irytowaç -tuj´ -tujesz impf, pf zirytowaç irritate, with the derived perfective zirytowaç also having its own listing, with reference to irytowaç. If this decision causes an alphabetization problem, then the derived aspect form is listed separately, with a cross reference. lightningĪspect pairs are given in the order basic: derived, according to which aspect comes first, and regardless of alphabetical considerations.
See, for example, b∏yskaç -a us 3p impf, pf b∏ysnàç -Ênie b∏ys∏o shine, flash, twinkle, glimmer. ~ si´ be reported If a verb occurs only or mainly in the 3rd person, only the 3rd person singular (neuter) will be given. For example, the following entry indicates that donieÊç is conjugated like nieÊç: donieÊç ^nieÊç pf, impf donosiç -sz´ -sisz o+L inform or report on. The conjugation of prefixed mono-syllabic verbs is sometimes indicated by referring to the simplex verb. forms of the the present, along with any other irregular present or past forms. Verb conjugation is indicated by giving the 1st and 2nd person sg. For example, the locative singular of ocet, occie, is listed, with a reference to ocet, because, even though the form is regular, its visual appearance makes the word difficult to decipher. Regularly derivable forms are not listed separately unless a regularly predictable form is nevertheless apt to cause confusion. The user is expected to have a basic command of Polish declension and conjugation. These two forms are also listed separately, with reference to wysoki. For example, under wysoki high, one will find the comparative adjective wy˝szy and the comparative adverb wy˝ej. If a form is radically different in alphabetical order from the base word, it will be listed separately and given a cross-reference. For example, adverbial and comparative forms of adjectives are listed after the adjective, regardless of alphabetical considerations. Derived forms considered to belong to the same lexical item are given next, regardless of alphabetical order. DICTIONARY ENTRIES Within a word-entry, the basic form of the word is given first. Corrections and suggestions for improvement and new entries should be e-mailed to the author at. The author is aware of its many imperfections and incompletenesses, which are being improved by constant updating and proof-reading. This dictionary is printed in its present form for use in intermediate and advanced Polish classes at the Univeristy of Pittsburgh. Grammatical indicators refer to descriptions in the author's Grammar of Contemporary Polish (Slavica: 2002), to which the user is referred for descriptions of grammatical inflections and usage. The technical apparatus is kept to a minimum and should be mostly self-evident. Regular and predictable endings and formations are not given. It is expected that the user will be familiar with the principles of Polish inflection. Most terms related to the social sciences and the humanities are included. It does not attempt to cover technical or scientific terms, or the names of uncommon plants and animals. It is intended primarily for the use of the English-speaking reader of Polish, interested in arriving at the central or commonest meaning of a word, not in an exhaustive set of usages and definitions.
INTRODUCTION A Learner's Polish-English Dictionary contains over 27,000 entries. THEN USE EITHER THE ADOBE BINOCULAR ICON OR THE SCROLL BAR TO SEARCH FOR THE INDIVIDUAL WORD IF YOU WOULD LIKE A HARD COPY OF THIS DICTIONARY (340 PP.), CONTACT THE AUTHOR AT SwanįIRST PRELIMINARY EDITION CD AND WEB VERSION USE BOOKMARKS TO FIND THE FIRST LETTER.
0 kommentar(er)
